Fire extinguishers are handheld devices that are used to put out various types of fires using foam, powder or other non-flammable substances. A fire needs fuel, heat, and oxygen to thrive. Fire extinguishers are designed to eliminate one or more of these vital elements. When a fire extinguisher is used to control one or eliminate any of the needed elements, the fire begins to dwindle and will eventually go out.
The Different Types and Classes of Fire Extinguishers
There are different classes of fire extinguishers to control different types of fires. Some fire extinguishers are rated for multiple combinations.
- Class A – Free-burning materials that include fabric, wood, and paper
- Class B – Flammable liquids including diesel, petrol, and oil
- Class C – Gaseous substances, such as butane or propane; can also be used for electrical fires
- Class D – Combustible substances including Magnesium, Potassium, and Sodium
- Class F (K) – Oils used for deep frying, such as grease, lard, and cooking oil
Extinguishers that are capable of putting out more than one type of fire are clearly labeled and should be used strictly according to the directions. There are also different types of fire extinguishers. They include:
- Dry Chemical – These are often used for multiple purposes because they contain a non-flammable material as well as a propellant.
- Halon – This type of fire extinguisher is used to protect electrical equipment because it produces almost no residue.
- Water – This type of fire extinguisher is primarily used on Class A or when combustible fires are present
- Carbon Dioxide – Extinguishers that use carbon dioxide are best used on Class B and C fires
How to Properly Operate Fire Extinguishers
Fire extinguishers are easy to operate and can be put into operation rather quickly if the person understands the steps involved. To properly operate most types of fire extinguishers, it is important to remember the word PASS. PASS stands for:
- P – Pull the small pin on the top of the fire extinguisher. This allow the handle to be activated and the inflammable materials to be released
- A – Aim the nozzle of the fire extinguisher in the direction of the base of the fire, holding it firmly, so only the fire is targeted
- S – Squeeze the handle to release the materials onto the fire. It is important to remain approximately eight feet from the fire when using the fire extinguisher
- S – Sweep the nozzle from side to side aiming directly at the base of the fire while the material is being dispersed
Always remember to stand approximately eight to ten feet from the fire while employing fire extinguishers. Remaining at a safe distance will help to prevent an injury, while at the same time allowing you to cover a maximum amount of area when using the fire extinguisher.
When Are Fire Extinguishers Used?
Fire extinguishers should be used any time a fire is suspected. In some cases, a fire may smolder for several hours before actually producing flames. Fire extinguishers can be used to suffocate embers that are smoldering and prevent them from erupting into a blaze. It is important to thoroughly assess the situation before breaking out the fire extinguisher. You must make sure you have the right type of extinguisher for the job at hand and take the necessary steps to protect others who may be nearby.
Fire Extinguisher Maintenance
Fire extinguishers must be properly maintained to remain effective. One of the most important aspects of fire extinguisher maintenance is visual monthly inspections to ensure the pin is still in place and that all components of the extinguisher are in good working order. The nozzle should be unobstructed and there should be no visible damage to any working part of the extinguisher. The pressure gauge must read within the appropriate levels and the extinguisher must be kept where it is easily accessible at all times.
It is important to always have fire extinguishers close at hand, especially in areas where fires are prone to occur, such as the kitchen or fireplace. It is equally important to know how to properly operate and maintain them to receive the maximum benefit from each one you have in your home or office.